DESCRIPTION

KODAK ROYAL GOLD 400 Film introduces 35 mm to the state-of-the-art technology of KODAK ADVANTIX Films. It provides a unique balance of fine grain, sharpness, color reproduction, and contrast to yield results with excellent clarity and enlargement capability. This multi-purpose film is designed for exposure with daylight or electronic flash. You can also obtain pleasing results under most existing-light sources without filters.

ROYAL GOLD 400 Film is a member of the "Select Series" of Kodak films. The Select Series offers serious snapshooters and photo enthusiasts the widest selection of high-performance films. Choose from KODACHROME or KODAK ELITE Chrome Films for slides, or KODAK ROYAL GOLD for prints.

• Features and Benefits
• Darkroom Recommendations
• Storage and Handling
• Exposure
• Processing
• Sensitometric Curves
• Image Structure
• Judging Negative Exposure
• Printing Negatives
• At-A-Glance Film Selector

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FEATURES AND BENEFITS

DARKROOM RECOMMENDATIONS

Do not use a safelight. Handle unprocessed film in total darkness.

STORAGE AND HANDLING

Load and unload film in subdued light.

Store unexposed film at 70°F (21°C) or lower in the original sealed package. Always store film (exposed or unexposed) in a cool, dry place. Process film as soon as possible after exposure.

Protect negatives from strong light, and store them in a cool, dry place. For more information on storing negatives, see KODAK Publication No. E-30, Storage and Care of KODAK Photographic Materials--Before and After Processing.

EXPOSURE

Film Speed

Use the speed numbers in the table below with cameras or meters marked for ISO, ASA, or DIN speeds or exposure indexes. Do not change the ISO-speed setting when metering through a filter.

* For best results without special printing.

Daylight

Use the exposures in the table below for average frontlit subjects from 2 hours after sunrise to 2 hours before sunset.

* Use f/5.6 for backlit close-up subjects.
** Subject shaded from the sun but lighted by a large area of clear sky.

Existing Light

* Use a tripod or other firm camera support for exposure times longer than 1/30 second.
** Use shutter speeds of 1/60 second or longer with flourescent light.

Electronic Flash

Use the guide number in the following table as a starting point for your equipment. Select the unit output closest to the number given by your flash manufacturer. Then find the guide number for feet or metres.

To determine the lens opening, divide the guide number by the flash-to-subject distance. If negatives are consistently too dense (overexposed), use a higher guide number; if they are too thin (underexposed), use a lower number.

* BCPS = beam candlepower seconds

Fluorescent and High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

Use the color-compensating filters and exposure adjustments in the following tables as starting points to expose this film under fluorescent or high-intensity discharge lamps. For critical applications, make a series of test exposures under your actual conditions.

To avoid the brightness and color variations that occur during a single alternating-current cycle, use exposure times of 1/60 second or longer with fluorescent lamps; with high-intensity discharge lamps, use exposure times of 1/125 second or longer.

Note: When you don't know the type of fluorescent lamps, try a 10C + 20M filter combination and increase exposure by 2/3 stop; color rendition will probably be less than optimum.

* This is a high-pressure sodium-vapor lamp. The information in the table may not apply to other manufacturers' high-pressure sodium-vapor lamps because of differences in spectral characteristics.

Note: Some primary color filters were used in the tables above to reduce the number of filters and keep the exposure adjustment to a minimum. Red filters were substituted for equivalent filtration in magenta and yellow. Blue filters were substituted for equivalent filtration in cyan and magenta.

Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures

No filter correction or exposure compensation is required for exposures from 1/10,000 second to 10 seconds.

PROCESSING

Process KODAK ROYAL GOLD 400 Film in KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals for Process C-41. For more information, see KODAK Publication No. Z-131, Using KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals.

CURVES

Characteristic Curves

Spectral-Sensitivity Curves

Spectral-Dye-Density Curves

NOTICE: The sensitometric curves and data in this publication represent product tested under the conditions of exposure and processing specified. They are representative of production coatings, and therefore do not apply directly to a particular box or roll of photographic material. They do not represent standards or specifications that must be met by Eastman Kodak Company. The company reserves the right to change and improve product characteristics at any time.

IMAGE STRUCTURE

Print Grain Index

The Print Grain Index number refers to a method of defining graininess in a print made with diffuse-printing illumination. It replaces rms granularity and has a different scale which cannot be compared to rms granularity.

• This method uses a uniform perceptual scale, with a change of four units equaling a just noticeable difference in graininess to 90 percent of observers.
• A Print Grain Index rating of 25 on the scale represents the approximate visual threshold for graininess. A higher number indicates an increase in the amount of graininess observed.
• The standardized inspection (print-to-viewer) distance for all print sizes is 14 inches, the typical viewing distance for a 4 x 6-inch print.
• In practice, larger prints will likely be viewed from distances greater than 14 inches, which reduces apparent graininess.
• Print Grain Index numbers may not represent graininess observed from more specular printing illuminants, such as condenser enlargers.

The Print Grain Index number printed in this publication applies to the following standards:

JUDGING NEGATIVE EXPOSURE

You can check the exposure level with a suitable electronic densitometer equipped with a filter such as a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter No. 92 or the red filter for Status M densitometry. Depending on the subject and the light source used for exposure, a normally exposed and processed color negative measured through the red filter should have the approximate densities listed below.

PRINTING NEGATIVES

You can make color prints from negatives by enlarging them on KODAK EKTACOLOR Papers or KODAK DURAFLEX® RA Print Material.

Make color transparencies by direct exposure onto KODAK VERICOLOR Print Film, KODAK VERICOLOR Slide Film, or KODAK DURATRANS® RA or KODAK DURACLEAR™ RA Display Material.

Make black-and-white prints on KODAK PANALURE Papers for conventional black-and-white processing, or KODAK EKTAMAX RA Professional Papers for Process RA-4.

Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication for use with KODAK ROYAL GOLD 400 Film are available from dealers who supply Kodak products. You can use other materials, but you may not obtain similar results.

AT-A-GLANCE FILM SELECTOR

Kodak, Advantix, Flexicolor, Vericolor, Ektapress, Gold, Royal Gold, Ektar, Wratten, Ektacolor, Duraflex, Duratrans, Duraclear, Panalure, and Ektamax are trademarks.