Communication Through Photography
Ellen L. Milgrim
Susan T. Blevins, Stetson Middle School, West Chester, Pennsylvania,
Subject: Language Arts/Interdisciplinary
Grade: 8
"The students' positive attitude toward the project caused
improvement in writing skills and goal-oriented behavior. The
disparity in ages did not hinder productive communication."
Purpose and Description of Project
Susan Blevins' three eighth-grade communications classes participated
in this three-week project. During this time students analyzed
photos, which were used to complete a group story with photo.
The project was designed to develop skills in and positive attitudes
toward reading, writing, and oral presentations, and to encourage
students to work together in a cooperative, noncompetitive manner.
Activities
A local newspaper photographer kicked off the unit with a discussion
of photographic techniques, career opportunities, and his personal
experiences. He also explained the use of his own equipment as
well as the cameras that the 53 students would use during the
project. As a class, they critiqued the writing of newspaper articles,
headlines, and captions, looking for clarity, interest, and inclusion
of vital information; they judged whether or not the photos conveyed
the intended message. During the individual critiques, they separated
each photo from its article, and wrote their own versions of the
caption and article; then they read and evaluated the actual articles
and captions.
The students divided themselves into groups of three or four and
selected a topic for their group's article and photo. Each group
had access to a Kodak camera, which the members
used to take individual photos related to their topic; the group
selected the best individual photo for the final project. Each
group member wrote an individual article to accompany the photo.
The group combined the best elements from each individual story
into a group story. Finally, each group presented its work to
the whole class, which critiqued the results using the same criteria
as they did for the professional newspaper articles.
Materials, Resources, and Expenses
The local newspaper photographers helped to introduce the photography
unit while several school staff members served as subjects for
the students' articles and photos.
Outcomes and Adaptability
Milgrim and Blevins noted a number of important positive outcomes
from the project:
- Increased reading comprehension.
- Students made suggestions for related projects.
- Written composition,
the heart of the project, also showed improvement. They used colorful
language; varied sentence structure; and created exciting headlines
and captions.
- They displayed appropriate goal-oriented behavior.
- Small-group interaction and communication were very evident
despite the disparities in age (13 to 16) and ability (learning
disabled to gifted) within the groups.
Milgrim and Blevins state, "The success of this project,
with regard to both affective and achievement domains and with
a diverse population, indicates that it could easily be replicated
or adapted in other instructional settings with a variety of student
populations." The teachers suggest that adaptations could
be made due to limited equipment and resources, but believe that
any adaptations necessary to accommodate other student populations
would be minimal because of their previous success with such a
diverse group. Special Education students and lower academic achievers
had equal opportunities for success.